Quantum physics of entangled systems: Wave-particle duality and atom-photon molecules

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 843-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rempe
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Wave Particle Duality

Review of basic quantum physics

Quantum 20/20 ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ian R. Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Electromagnetic Coupling ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Black Body Radiation ◽  
Gauge Transformations ◽  
Dirac Delta ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Delta Functions ◽  
Lorentz Invariants

Basic experimental evidence is sketched: the black body radiation spectrum, the photoeffect, Compton scattering and electron diffraction; the Bohr model of the atom. Quantum mechanics is reviewed using the Copenhagen interpretation: eigenstates, observables, hermitian operators and expectation values are explained. Wave-particle duality, Schrödinger’s equation, and expressions for particle density and current are described. The uncertainty principle, the collapse of the wavefunction, Schrödinger’s cat and the no-cloning theorem are discussed. Dirac delta functions and the usage of wavepackets are explained. An introduction to state vectors in Hilbert space and the bra-ket notation is given. Abstracts of special relativity and Lorentz invariants follow. Minimal electromagnetic coupling and the gauge transformations are explained.

Electron diffraction chez Thomson: early responses to quantum physics in Britain

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAUME NAVARRO
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Wave Mechanics ◽  
Basic Tenet ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Quantum Wave ◽  
The University ◽  
Total Agreement ◽  
Father And Son

AbstractIn 1927, George Paget Thomson, professor at the University of Aberdeen, obtained photographs that he interpreted as evidence for electron diffraction. These photographs were in total agreement with de Broglie's principle of wave–particle duality, a basic tenet of the new quantum wave mechanics. His experiments were an initially unforeseen spin-off from a project he had started in Cambridge with his father, Joseph John Thomson, on the study of positive rays. This paper addresses the scientific relationship between the Thomsons, father and son, as well as the influence that the institutional milieu of Cambridge had on the early work of the latter. Both Thomsons were trained in the pedagogical tradition of classical physics in the Cambridge Mathematical Tripos, and this certainly influenced their understanding of quantum physics and early quantum mechanics. In this paper, I analyse the responses of both father and son to the photographs of electron diffraction: a confirmation of the existence of the ether in the former, and a partial embrace of some ideas of the new quantum mechanics in the latter.

scholarly journals Bayesian 14C-rationality, Heisenberg Uncertainty, and Fourier Transform

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 536-559
Author(s):  
Bernhard Weninger ◽  
Kevan Edinborough
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Domain Switching ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Calendar Time ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Following some 30 years of radiocarbon research during which the mathematical principles of 14C-calibration have been on loan to Bayesian statistics, here they are returned to quantum physics. The return is based on recognition that 14C-calibration can be described as a Fourier transform. Following its introduction as such, there is need to reconceptualize the probabilistic 14C-analysis. The main change will be to replace the traditional (one-dimensional) concept of 14C-dating probability by a two-dimensional probability. This is entirely analogous to the definition of probability in quantum physics, where the squared amplitude of a wave function defined in Hilbert space provides a measurable probability of finding the corresponding particle at a certain point in time/space, the so-called Born rule. When adapted to the characteristics of 14C-calibration, as it turns out, the Fourier transform immediately accounts for practically all known so-called quantization properties of archaeological 14C-ages, such as clustering, age-shifting, and amplitude-distortion. This also applies to the frequently observed chronological lock-in properties of larger data sets, when analysed by Gaussian wiggle matching (on the 14C-scale) just as by Bayesian sequencing (on the calendar time-scale). Such domain-switching effects are typical for a Fourier transform. They can now be understood, and taken into account, by the application of concepts and interpretations that are central to quantum physics (e.g. wave diffraction, wave-particle duality, Heisenberg uncertainty, and the correspondence principle). What may sound complicated, at first glance, simplifies the construction of 14C-based chronologies. The new Fourier-based 14C-analysis supports chronological studies on previously unachievable geographic (continental) and temporal (Glacial-Holocene) scales; for example, by temporal sequencing of hundreds of archaeological sites, simultaneously, with minimal need for development of archaeological prior hypotheses, other than those based on the geo-archaeological law of stratigraphic superposition. As demonstrated in a variety of archaeological case studies, just one number, defined as a gauge-probability on a scale 0–100%, can be used to replace a stacked set of subjective Bayesian priors.

scholarly journals Classical and Quantum Physics in Selected Economic Models

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Drabik
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Schrödinger Equation ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Schrodinger Equation ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty

Classical and Quantum Physics in Selected Economic ModelsA growing number of economic phenomena are nowadays described with methods known in physics. The most frequently applied physical theories by economists are: (1) the universal gravitation law and (2) the first and second law of thermodynamics. Physical principles can also be applied to the theory of financial markets. Financial markets are composed of individual participants who may be seen to interact as particles in a physical system. This approach proposes a financial market model known as a minority game model in which securities and money are allocated on the basis of price fluctuations, and where selling is best option when the vast majority of investors tend to purchase goods or services, and vice versa. The players who end up being on the minority side win.The above applications of physical methods in economics are deeply rooted in classical physics. However, this paper aims to introduce the basic concepts of quantum mechanics to the process of economic phenomena modelling. Quantum mechanics is a theory describing the behaviour of microscopic objects and is grounded on the principle of wave-particle duality. It is assumed that quantum-scale objects at the same time exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties. The key role in quantum mechanics is played by: (1) the Schrödinger equation describing the probability amplitude for the particle to be found in a given position and at a given time, and as (2) the Heisenberg uncertainty principle stating that certain pairs of physical properties cannot be economic applications of the Schrödinger equation as well as the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. We also try to describe the English auction by means the quantum mechanics methods.

scholarly journals ReleQuant – Improving teaching and learning in quantum physics through educational design research

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berit Bungum ◽  
Ellen K. Henriksen ◽  
Carl Angell ◽  
Cathrine W. Tellefsen ◽  
Maria Vetleseter Bøe
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Physics Teaching ◽  
Educational Design ◽  
Teaching Module ◽  
Educational Design Research ◽  
Wave Particle Duality

Quantum physics and relativity are demanding for teachers and students, but have the potential for students to experience physics as fascinating and meaningful. Project ReleQuant engaged in educational design research to improve teaching and learning in these topics in Norwegian upper secondary schools. The paper focuses on the first cycle of development of a teaching module on quantum physics and how design principles were developed. We construct the design principles by reviewing relevant research literature and conducting three pilot studies. The process resulted in the following principles for designing the quantum physics teaching module: 1) clarify how quantum physics breaks with classical physics; 2) use simulations of phenomena that cannot be experienced directly; 3) provide students to use written and oral language; 4) address and discuss wave-particle duality and the uncertainty

scholarly journals Introducing Quantum and Statistical Physics in the Footsteps of Einstein: A Proposal

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Marco Di Mauro ◽  
Salvatore Esposito ◽  
Adele Naddeo
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Intermediate Step ◽  
Learning Sequence ◽  
School Students ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Case Part

Introducing some fundamental concepts of quantum physics to high school students, and to their teachers, is a timely challenge. In this paper we describe ongoing research, in which a teaching–learning sequence for teaching quantum physics, whose inspiration comes from some of the fundamental papers about the quantum theory of radiation by Albert Einstein, is being developed. The reason for this choice goes back essentially to the fact that the roots of many subtle physical concepts, namely quanta, wave–particle duality and probability, were introduced for the first time in one of these papers, hence their study may represent a useful intermediate step towards tackling the final incarnation of these concepts in the full theory of quantum mechanics. An extended discussion of some elementary tools of statistical physics, mainly Boltzmann’s formula for entropy and statistical distributions, which are necessary but may be unfamiliar to the students, is included. This discussion can also be used independently to introduce some rudiments of statistical physics. In this case, part of the inspiration came from some of Einstein’s papers. We present preliminary, qualitative results obtained with both teachers and selected pupils from various high schools in southern Italy, in the course of several outreach activities. Although the proposal was only tested in this limited context for now, the preliminary results are very promising and they indicate that this proposal can be fruitfully employed for the task.

scholarly journals La doppia natura dei suicidi del canto XIII dell’Inferno: un parallelismo con la dualità onda-particella nella fisica quantistica

2021 ◽  
pp. 001458582110226
Author(s):  
Simone Raffaello Pengue
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Multisensory Interaction ◽  
Hybrid Nature ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Lively Debate ◽  
The City ◽  
Peculiar Phenomenon

The hybrid nature of the human–plant suicidal souls explored through the character of Pier delle Vigne in Inferno XIII exhibits unique characteristics in the Comedy’s first cantica. For centuries the Wood of the Suicides has demanded the attention of readers and scholars alike and yet the interplay and structure of their coexisting identities remain subject to lively debate. As an analytical tool, Dante’s encounter with Pier delle Vigne is compared to the wave–particle duality of light, a peculiar phenomenon of quantum physics. Indeed just as the suicides are at once true human and true plant, light behaves simultaneously as wave and particle depending on the experiment performed. The two complementary descriptions of light are mirrored in the duality of Pier delle Vigne, allowing a schematic restating of the canto emphasizing the multisensory interaction between Dante and the sinner. The hybrid nature of the damned soul thus becomes an expression of the contrasting judgments of Dante–theologian and Dante–poet on this character. Furthermore, the analogy shows how the anonymous suicide from Florence introduced at the end of the canto embodies the ambivalent perspective of Dante on the city of Florence itself.

Quantum mechanical reality according to Copenhagen 2.0

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (14n15) ◽  
pp. 1630014
Author(s):  
Allan M. Din
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Space Region ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Bounded Geometry ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Nonrelativistic Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Standard Wave ◽  
Definition Of

The long-standing conceptual controversies concerning the interpretation of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics are argued, on one hand, to be due to its incompleteness, as affirmed by Einstein. But on the other hand, it appears to be possible to complete it at least partially, as Bohr might have appreciated it, in the framework of its standard mathematical formalism with observables as appropriately defined self-adjoint operators. This completion of quantum mechanics is based on the requirement on laboratory physics to be effectively confined to a bounded space region and on the application of the von Neumann deficiency theorem to properly define a set of self-adjoint extensions of standard observables, e.g. the momenta and the Hamiltonian, in terms of certain isometries on the region boundary. This is formalized mathematically in the setting of a boundary ontology for the so-called Qbox in which the wave function acquires a supplementary dependence on a set of Additional Boundary Variables (ABV). It is argued that a certain geometric subset of the ABV parametrizing Quasi-Periodic Translational Isometries (QPTI) has a particular physical importance by allowing for the definition of an ontic wave function, which has the property of epitomizing the spatial wave function “collapse.” Concomitantly the standard wave function in an unbounded geometry is interpreted as an epistemic wave function, which together with the ontic QPTI wave function gives rise to the notion of two-wave duality, replacing the standard concept of wave-particle duality. More generally, this approach to quantum physics in a bounded geometry provides a novel analytical basis for a better understanding of several conceptual notions of quantum mechanics, including reality, nonlocality, entanglement and Heisenberg’s uncertainty relation. The scope of this analysis may be seen as a foundational update of the multiple versions 1.x of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, which is sufficiently incremental so as to be appropriately characterized as Copenhagen 2.0.

scholarly journals Pembelajaran Pengantar Fisika Kuantum dengan Memanfaatkan Media Phet Simulation dan LKM Melalui Pendekatan Saintifik: Dampak pada Minat dan Penguasaan Konsep Mahasiswa

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antomi Saregar
Keyword(s):  
Physics Education ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Class Action ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Physics Students ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Education Study ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Physics Simulation ◽  
Academic Year

This study aims to encourage and  increase student mastery of concepts on Physics Education Study Program, Quantum Physics subject in wave particle duality, the odd semester of the academic year 2015/2016, using PhET simulations shaped media through a scientific approach. The research method uses a Class Action Research. The results of the implementation of the act of learning physics simulation assisted with the PhET and LKM scientific approach, it can be concluded that: 1) The interest of students during the learning with media-assisted PhET and LKM scientific approach, increased in each cycle. The percentage interest of students in the cycle I until cycle III are 73.33%, 86.66% and 90%; 2) the students mastering of concepts generally increasing, although is not significant. On average the mastery of the concepts of physics students with scientifically-assisted learning of PhET simulations and LKM of the first cycle until. the third cycle in a row is 62.3; 79.6; and 80.3.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan minat dan penguasaan konsep mahasiswa Program studi Pendidikan Fisika, mata kuliah Fisika Kuantum materi dualisme gelombang partikel, semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2015/2016, dengan menggunakan media berbentuk simulasi PhET melalui pendekatan saintifik. Metode penelitian menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Hasil pelaksanaan tindakan pembelajaran fisika dengan pendekatan saintifik berbantu simulasi PhET dan LKM, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa: 1) Minat mahasiswa selama pembelajaran dengan pendekatan saintifik berbantu media PhET dan LKM, mengalami peningkatan pada setiap siklus. Persentase minat mahasiswa pada siklus I s.d. siklus III berturut-turut adalah 73,33%, 86,66%, dan 90%; 2) penguasaan konsep mahasiswa secara umum trennya terus meningkat, walaupun tidak terlalu signifikan. Rata-rata penguasaan konsep fisika mahasiswa dengan pembelajaran saintifik berbantu simulasi PhET dan LKM dari siklus I s.d. siklus III berturut- turut adalah 62,3; 79,6; dan 80,3.

scholarly journals Quantum Physics, Quantum Biology, Quantum Medicine?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Bullon
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Quantum Biology ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Accuracy Measurement ◽  
Subatomic Particles ◽  
Wave Particle Duality

The leading cause and foremost reason for mortality and morbidity in the world is a group known as Noncommunicable Diseases. The best approach to treat them is to evaluate and control the risk factors. There are shared by all these diseases leading to the existence of some meeting points behind all of them. There should be some key to acquire conditions that modify the cells homeostasis and impaired the cell physiology developing different diseases. Physics try to explain the nature of the phenomena that surround us, at first, at the level of our macroscopic perception. Quantum physics studied the atomic and subatomic particles and revolutionized the reality perception with paradoxical and weird concepts. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle established that it is not possible to determine the two characteristic properties of particles with accuracy; measurement affects the system and change it. Subatomic particles have a wave-particle duality that could be in a coherence statement, also can pass through high-energy barriers. Two subatomic particles are entangled, something happening over here can have an instantaneous effect over there, no matter how far away there are. All these concepts have tried to apply to biology and life sciences, especially when classical physics fails to give an accurate description. Quantum biology is behind photosynthesis, mitochondrial respiration, enzyme activity, the sense of smell, animal migration, heredity's fidelity, and consciousness. We can apply all these concepts to diseases pathogeny. So, we describe quantum phenomena in oxidative stress, calcification, signal transduction, vitamin D production, cancer mutations, and microbiome induced pathology. I want to propose that medicine also can be explained by applying quantum physics concepts. It is a new, hard to believe, and an incredible path to be built, but we need to open the treatment options to our patients with new perspectives.

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